Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
5 Types of Bones: In the human body there are 5 different types of bones: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesmoid bones.
Long Bones: These are the longest bones in our human body and they include the femur, humerus, and the tibia. These bones are longer than they are wide, with growth plates at either end. They have a hard outer surface of compact bone and inner spongy bone layers. Both ends of these bones are covered in hayline cartilage.
Short Bones: These bones are as wide as they are long and their main function is to provide support and stability with little movement. Some examples of short bones are the tarsals and the carpals in the feet and hands. They have a thin layer of compact bone on the outside and cancellous bone on the inside with relatively large amounts of bone marrow.
Flat Bones: These are strong, flat plates of bone, such as the scapula in the shoulder, with the main function of protecting the vital organs in the body and being a base for muscular attachment. The outer parts are covered in compact bone to provide strength, which is followed by spongy bone and varying amounts of marrow.
Irregular Bones: These bones fall into no other category. They are primarily spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone as the outer covering. A good example of this bone is a vertebrae.
Sesmoid Bones: Usually short of irregular Bones, these bones are embedded in a tendon, and they serve to protect this tendon. A good example of a sesmoid bone is the patella.
3 types of muscles:
Smooth Muscle: This involuntary muscle lacks the striations that are present on cardiac and skeletal muscles. Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, this muscle controls some of our vital organs.
Cardiac Muscle: Found only in the walls of the heart, this striated muscle is highly specialized and resistant to fatigue. These muscles are not voluntary and operate under the autonomic system.
Skeletal Muscle: These muscles are located on the skeleton and contract to facilitate movement. These are volentary striated muscles that we can control at will.
Cartilage: This is a dense connective tissue made of chondrocytes which are spread around its gel-like matrix. This tissue is a vascular, and is found in the joints, ribs, nose ear, the throat, and in between vertebral disks. There are three types of this cartilage: hayline, elastic, and fibrocartilige.
Ligaments: This is a band of tough, fibrous, dense regular connective tissue. Their function is to connect bone to bone, unlike tendons who connect muscle to bone, and some ligaments even limit mobility.
Tendons: These are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bone or muscle to muscle. Tendons are made to withstand tension. They work together with muscles to exert a pulling force.
Long Bones: These are the longest bones in our human body and they include the femur, humerus, and the tibia. These bones are longer than they are wide, with growth plates at either end. They have a hard outer surface of compact bone and inner spongy bone layers. Both ends of these bones are covered in hayline cartilage.
Short Bones: These bones are as wide as they are long and their main function is to provide support and stability with little movement. Some examples of short bones are the tarsals and the carpals in the feet and hands. They have a thin layer of compact bone on the outside and cancellous bone on the inside with relatively large amounts of bone marrow.
Flat Bones: These are strong, flat plates of bone, such as the scapula in the shoulder, with the main function of protecting the vital organs in the body and being a base for muscular attachment. The outer parts are covered in compact bone to provide strength, which is followed by spongy bone and varying amounts of marrow.
Irregular Bones: These bones fall into no other category. They are primarily spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone as the outer covering. A good example of this bone is a vertebrae.
Sesmoid Bones: Usually short of irregular Bones, these bones are embedded in a tendon, and they serve to protect this tendon. A good example of a sesmoid bone is the patella.
3 types of muscles:
Smooth Muscle: This involuntary muscle lacks the striations that are present on cardiac and skeletal muscles. Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, this muscle controls some of our vital organs.
Cardiac Muscle: Found only in the walls of the heart, this striated muscle is highly specialized and resistant to fatigue. These muscles are not voluntary and operate under the autonomic system.
Skeletal Muscle: These muscles are located on the skeleton and contract to facilitate movement. These are volentary striated muscles that we can control at will.
Cartilage: This is a dense connective tissue made of chondrocytes which are spread around its gel-like matrix. This tissue is a vascular, and is found in the joints, ribs, nose ear, the throat, and in between vertebral disks. There are three types of this cartilage: hayline, elastic, and fibrocartilige.
Ligaments: This is a band of tough, fibrous, dense regular connective tissue. Their function is to connect bone to bone, unlike tendons who connect muscle to bone, and some ligaments even limit mobility.
Tendons: These are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bone or muscle to muscle. Tendons are made to withstand tension. They work together with muscles to exert a pulling force.
Diseases of the System
Gout: When a person is affected with gout, the body cannot break down uric acid. this acid begins to settle in the joints, starting with the bog toe. In the joint, acid crystals begin to form and swelling occurs.
Osteoarthritis: This is when the cartilage between the joints begins to wear away. As the bones begin to rub together, people experience pain. This can lead to the need for a joint replacement. Rhabdomyolysis: This is the destruction of muscle tissue when either certain medications or over exercising combined with an unhealthy diet cause the muscles to eat away at itself. It can cause kidney failure and electrolyte unbalance. The treatment is IV fluids, rest, and possibly dialysis. Osteoporosis: Most common in elderly Caucasian women, this disease is when the body cannot use calcium and bones become britle. It is usually caused by a hormonal unbalance and is treated with vitamin and calcium supplements. Fibromyalgia: This is total sensory overload. The numberone symptom for this is muscular pain. a classic symptom is a redenig of the cheek area. People wiht this disese are m |
Osteomalacia: Also known as soft bones, this occurs when bones do not become rock hard but rubbery. This can occur because of a lack of calcium deposited during childhood, and can cause a 'bowed' leg effect on the affect person.
Tendonitis: When there is repeted strain on a tendon, this can cause inflamation of the tendon, also known as tendonitis. This results in main and difficulty moving. Because of poor blood supply, it can take a while to heal. Rotatorcuff Tear: This occurs when the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint experience a tear in one or more of the tendons. These muscles contribute to the structural strength of the shoulder joint and when they are torn, it can cause pain and immobility. Bursitis: This is the inflammation of the little sacks that serve as shock absorbers for the bones and joints. This inflamation leads to pain in the joints and immobility in the joints. Lupus erythematosus: This is an autoimmune disease where antibodies are released against organs especially the connective tissues of the skin and joints. It may involve a butterfly rash on the nose and cheeks, and it can also involve arthralgia and myalgia. |
Visual: Flexion
Images Received from: http://www.theapprenticedoctor.com/the-musculoskeletal-system/ http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-male-musculoskeletal-system-looking-upward-image28737383 http://winforumblog.blogspot.com/
Information Received from: http://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/ http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/types_of_bones.php http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/cartilage.htm http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodyligaments/836/ http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/t/tendon.htm
Prezi Resources: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/basics/definition/con-20021240 http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03137/Muscular-Dystrophy.html
Information Received from: http://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/ http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/types_of_bones.php http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/cartilage.htm http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodyligaments/836/ http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/t/tendon.htm
Prezi Resources: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscular-dystrophy/basics/definition/con-20021240 http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART03137/Muscular-Dystrophy.html