The Nervous System
Description of the system:
The neuron, or the nerve cell, is a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical forms. The neuron is composed of:
• Nucleus – contains chromosomes
• Dendrites – receive information from other neurons and sensory receptors
• Cell body – processes nutrients and provides energy for neuron
• Myelin sheath – insulates axon and increases communication speed
• Axon – carries information to other neurons, muscles, and glands
• Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath
(Compliments of Reed , Gabby, and Danielle)
The neuron, or the nerve cell, is a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical forms. The neuron is composed of:
• Nucleus – contains chromosomes
• Dendrites – receive information from other neurons and sensory receptors
• Cell body – processes nutrients and provides energy for neuron
• Myelin sheath – insulates axon and increases communication speed
• Axon – carries information to other neurons, muscles, and glands
• Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath
(Compliments of Reed , Gabby, and Danielle)
Nerves are responsible for sending electrochemical signals to and from the brain and other parts of the body. There are four main types of nerves:
-Cranial Nerves (sensory organs to the brain)
-Central Nerves (withing brain and spinal cord)
-Peripheral Nerves (limbs to spinal cord)
-Autonomic (brain/spinal cord to organs)
The nerve is made up of the neuron which is the nerve cell. Without the nerves, nerve signals, or action potentials, would not reach the brain and not only nerve damage would occur, but damage to other parts of the body as well.
(Compliments of Carmelita, Cailin, and Julia)
-Cranial Nerves (sensory organs to the brain)
-Central Nerves (withing brain and spinal cord)
-Peripheral Nerves (limbs to spinal cord)
-Autonomic (brain/spinal cord to organs)
The nerve is made up of the neuron which is the nerve cell. Without the nerves, nerve signals, or action potentials, would not reach the brain and not only nerve damage would occur, but damage to other parts of the body as well.
(Compliments of Carmelita, Cailin, and Julia)
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of tissue called the meninges. Inside this is a system of hollow cavities called ventricles. The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid located within the ventricles called the choroid plexus. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma. It also assists in the circulation of nutrients to the brain. The brain is the control center of the body. It consists of three main components: the forebrain, the brainstem, and the hindbrain. The forebrain is responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. Most of the actual information processing in the brain takes place in the cerebral cortex. The midbrain and the hindbrain together make up the brain stem. The midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses and motor functions. The hindbrain extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the pons and cerebellum. The hindbrain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The spinal cord is a cylindrical shaped bundle of nerve fibers that is connected to the brain. Spinal cord nerves transmit information from body organs and external stimuli to the brain and send information from the brain to other areas of the body. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. All cells of the nervous system are comprised of neurons.
(Complements of Mac, Cassandra, and Tori)
The central nervous system is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of tissue called the meninges. Inside this is a system of hollow cavities called ventricles. The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid located within the ventricles called the choroid plexus. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma. It also assists in the circulation of nutrients to the brain. The brain is the control center of the body. It consists of three main components: the forebrain, the brainstem, and the hindbrain. The forebrain is responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. Most of the actual information processing in the brain takes place in the cerebral cortex. The midbrain and the hindbrain together make up the brain stem. The midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses and motor functions. The hindbrain extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the pons and cerebellum. The hindbrain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The spinal cord is a cylindrical shaped bundle of nerve fibers that is connected to the brain. Spinal cord nerves transmit information from body organs and external stimuli to the brain and send information from the brain to other areas of the body. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. All cells of the nervous system are comprised of neurons.
(Complements of Mac, Cassandra, and Tori)
The Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system contains some voluntary nerves that carry instructions from your brain to your limbs. Any information that is gained from your senses is then sent back to your brain. Some of the functions of PNS include coordinating body movements and sensing danger. Two of the major nerves that make up the the PNS are the cranial and spinal nerves. The cranial nerves sprout out from the brain where as the spinal nerves come out from the spinal cord.
(Complements of Tahrea, Wilneydi, and Sharon)
The peripheral nervous system contains some voluntary nerves that carry instructions from your brain to your limbs. Any information that is gained from your senses is then sent back to your brain. Some of the functions of PNS include coordinating body movements and sensing danger. Two of the major nerves that make up the the PNS are the cranial and spinal nerves. The cranial nerves sprout out from the brain where as the spinal nerves come out from the spinal cord.
(Complements of Tahrea, Wilneydi, and Sharon)
The Autonomic Nervous SystemIt controls the non-voluntary body functions.
Located in the Medula Oblongata in the lower brain stem.
Sympathetic: Neurons begin at the thoracic and lumber regions of the spine.
Parasympathetic: Neurons begin at the cranial regions of the spine.
(Complements of Brittany, Sydnei, and Miranda)
Located in the Medula Oblongata in the lower brain stem.
Sympathetic: Neurons begin at the thoracic and lumber regions of the spine.
Parasympathetic: Neurons begin at the cranial regions of the spine.
(Complements of Brittany, Sydnei, and Miranda)
Multiple Sclerosis: Destruction of the myelin sheath that interrupts the delivery of nervous impulses. There is no cure for this disease, but it can go away and flare up again. It affects the motor function of a person, and its treatment is based on steroids.
Alzheimer's: Caused by a degeneration of the cerebral cortex that causes memory loss. This disease cannot be diagnosed until postmortem because to diagnose it would require cutting into the brain. Epilepsy: Abnormal electrical events in the brain htat can be triggred by things such as flashing lights and sounds. It Is treated by medications; recently, it has been treated with marijuana Meningitis: It is an infection of the brain and spinal cord that can be viral or bacterial. Causes servere headace and back pain. To diagnose this disease, the affected patient must recieve a spinal tap. Parkinson's: This disease causes a decreases amount of dopamine that inhibits neurotransmitters. A Person with parkinson's has a stooped posture and tremors. They also shuffle. The "treatment" treats the symptoms, because the disease has no cure. |
CVA: This is the abbreviation for Cerebral vascular Accident. It is a rapid loss of brain function that happens when there is an issue in the electrical system of the brain. It can be caused by a lack of blood flow to an area of the brain or a blockage in a blood vessel.
Huntington's chorea: This is a genetic disorder that causes nerve cells in the brain to waste away and degenerate. It has a huge affect on functional abilities. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/basics/definition/con-20030685) Encephalitis: This is the inflamation of the brain. It is most commonly caused by viral conditions and it can cause flu-like symptoms like a fever or a headache. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encephalitis/basics/definition/con-20021917) Polio: Polio is a contagious viral illness that causes the most severe form of paralysis. Sometimes, it can even cause death. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/basics/definition/CON-20030957) Bell's palsy: This disease cause a sudden weakness in the muscles in the face. It makes half the face look like it is drooping, and there is no known cause for the disease. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bells-palsy/basics/definition/CON-20020529) |
parkinsons.pub | |
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