The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a system in the body that secretes various hormones that aid in different parts of body operations. These glands are controlled directly by the nervous system. The major glands of this system include the hypothalamus, the pineal and pituitary glands, the thyroid and parathyroid, the thymus, the adrenal glands, the pancreas and reproductive organs.
Hypothalamus: This is a cluster of brain cells that send messages from the brain to the body and vice-versa
Pineal ans Pituitary Glands: The pituitary and pineal glands are important glands in the brain. The pineal gland secretes important hormones, including melatonin. It also regulates the endocrine function. The pituitary gland is the connector between the nervous and endocrine systems. It secretes hormones that affect growth, sexual development, and metabolism.
Thyroid Gland: This gland controls the rate that the body produces energy from nutrients.
Parathyroid Gland: Located on the thyroid, these glands control the calcium level in the blood.
Thymus: This is a gland that forms part of the immune system. Located just behind the breast-bone, this gland palys an important part in fighting infections and diseases.
Pancreas: The pancreas functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. It excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food; when it acts as an endocrine gland, it secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar.
Adrenal Glands: These glands, located on top of the kidneys, secrete three main types of steroids: those that control the balance of sodium and potassium in the body, those which raise blood sugar; and sex hormones.
Reproductive organs: These are the organs that are specific to each sex. In males, the testes secrete testosterone and in females the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone.
Information recieved from: http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
Hypothalamus: This is a cluster of brain cells that send messages from the brain to the body and vice-versa
Pineal ans Pituitary Glands: The pituitary and pineal glands are important glands in the brain. The pineal gland secretes important hormones, including melatonin. It also regulates the endocrine function. The pituitary gland is the connector between the nervous and endocrine systems. It secretes hormones that affect growth, sexual development, and metabolism.
Thyroid Gland: This gland controls the rate that the body produces energy from nutrients.
Parathyroid Gland: Located on the thyroid, these glands control the calcium level in the blood.
Thymus: This is a gland that forms part of the immune system. Located just behind the breast-bone, this gland palys an important part in fighting infections and diseases.
Pancreas: The pancreas functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. It excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food; when it acts as an endocrine gland, it secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar.
Adrenal Glands: These glands, located on top of the kidneys, secrete three main types of steroids: those that control the balance of sodium and potassium in the body, those which raise blood sugar; and sex hormones.
Reproductive organs: These are the organs that are specific to each sex. In males, the testes secrete testosterone and in females the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone.
Information recieved from: http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
Diseases
Addison's Disease: This is a disease that causes fatigue, dehydration, wiightloss, low blood sugar, and arrythmias that can cause death. There is a form of this disease called primaru insufficency where the adrenal glands have been damaged. In secondary insufficency, there is a problem with the pituitary gland that causes the adrenal gland to not produce enough.
Diabetes Insipitus: The pituitary gland does not shut dowm the antidiuretic hormonein the body which can eventually cause dehydration. It can lead to a loss to electrolytes and nutrients. It is usually caused by a brain/head injury or a tumor on the brain. Diabetes Mellitus: There are different types of this disease. It is a problem in the pancreas that is usually because the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or it does not use the insulin that it has properly. Hypo/Hyper glycemia Hyperthyroidism: This is when the thyroid is overactive and puts out too much of its hormones that it produces. People with this disease are usually thin and have bulging eyes. The thyroid is swolen Hypothyroidism: This is when the thyroid is under active. People with this disease are usually anorexic, have an intolerance to the cold, a receding hairline, apathy, lethargy, dry skin, and a blank facial expression. |
Goiter: A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. They are usually painless, but they can cause a cough and difficulty breathing. A common cause is a lack of iodine in the body. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/basics/definition/con-20021266)
Acromegally: This is a hormonal disorder where there is a surplus amount of the growth hormone that is produced. If this occurs in children, it can cause an issue called gigantism. The symptoms of the disease are not prevalent immediately, and if it is not caught soon, it can lead to medical issues and even death. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/basics/definition/con-20019216) Dwarfism: This is a short stature that is a result of a genetic or a medical condition. People 4ft10in or less are usually defined as dwarfs. The treatnemts for the disease done increase height, but is can lessen the symptoms. (http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297) Cushings Disease: This is when there is an adrenal surplus in the body that is usually caused by a problem in the pituitary gland. It causes high cortisol level in the body. It can cause |
All information for this game was received from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dwarfism/basics/definition/con-20032297
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